Сравнение алфавита с обозначениями звуков в реконструкциях ПИЕ: различия между версиями
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Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поискуRusiok (обсуждение | вклад) |
Rusiok (обсуждение | вклад) м |
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| (не показано 26 промежуточных версий этого же участника) | |||
| Строка 12: | Строка 12: | ||
Dnghu | Dnghu | ||
!Обозначение | !Обозначение | ||
| − | в словаре | + | в словаре [http://pie-dictionary.referata.com/wiki/List_of_PIE_words E̯sumenes] |
| − | E̯sumenes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''A a''' | | '''A a''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fie%2fpiet&text_number=+814&root=config aner] |
| [ə] | | [ə] | ||
| *ə | | *ə | ||
| Строка 40: | Строка 39: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''B b''' | | '''B b''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/b%CA%B0ruHg- bruwgga] |
| [b] | | [b] | ||
| *bʰ | | *bʰ | ||
| Строка 48: | Строка 47: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''C c''' | | '''C c''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*k%27wen-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=dog&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on cwon] |
| [c] | | [c] | ||
| *ḱ, *k̂ | | *ḱ, *k̂ | ||
| Строка 56: | Строка 55: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''D d''' | | '''D d''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*dg%27h%C5%AB-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on daju] |
| [d] | | [d] | ||
| *dʰ | | *dʰ | ||
| Строка 64: | Строка 63: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Dd dd''' | | '''Dd dd''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*derw-%2C+*dr%C4%93w-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on ddoru] |
| [d͡z] | | [d͡z] | ||
| *d | | *d | ||
| Строка 72: | Строка 71: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''E e''' | | '''E e''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*as-er%2Fn-%2C+*es-er%2Fn-+%3CPIH+*esH-er%2Fn-%3E&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on esar] |
| [-ĕ-], [ʔʲe-] | | [-ĕ-], [ʔʲe-] | ||
| *e | | *e | ||
| Строка 88: | Строка 87: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''F f''' | | '''F f''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=%28s%29k%28%CA%B7%29Art-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on feru] |
| [kʷ] | | [kʷ] | ||
| *kʷ | | *kʷ | ||
| Строка 96: | Строка 95: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''G g''' | | '''G g''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*g%27hebhal-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on gebal] |
| [ɡ] | | [ɡ] | ||
| *gʰ | | *gʰ | ||
| Строка 104: | Строка 103: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Gg gg''' | | '''Gg gg''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fie%2fpiet&text_number=+292&root=config ggega] |
| [gɣ] | | [gɣ] | ||
| *g | | *g | ||
| Строка 120: | Строка 119: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''H h''' | | '''H h''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*%28e%29dont-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on hddenta] |
| [h] | | [h] | ||
| *h<sub>2</sub>, ə<sub>2</sub> | | *h<sub>2</sub>, ə<sub>2</sub> | ||
| Строка 136: | Строка 135: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''İ i''' <!-- Приходится использовать турецкую заглавную букву (с точкой), чтобы она отличалась от строчной эЛ --> | | '''İ i''' <!-- Приходится использовать турецкую заглавную букву (с точкой), чтобы она отличалась от строчной эЛ --> | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fie%2fpiet&text_number=3065&root=config idda] |
| [i] | | [i] | ||
| *i | | *i | ||
| Строка 152: | Строка 151: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''J j''' | | '''J j''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*g%27hom-en-%2C+*g%27hm%C5%8D-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on jamon] |
| [ʝʱ] | | [ʝʱ] | ||
| *ģʰ, *ĝh | | *ģʰ, *ĝh | ||
| Строка 160: | Строка 159: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Jj jj''' | | '''Jj jj''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*g%27en%C7%9D-%2C+*g%27n%C5%8D-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on jjno] |
| [ɟ͡ʝ] | | [ɟ͡ʝ] | ||
| *ģ | | *ģ | ||
| Строка 168: | Строка 167: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''K k''' | | '''K k''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*k%28%27%29ait-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on kayta] |
| [k] | | [k] | ||
| *k | | *k | ||
| Строка 176: | Строка 175: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''L l''' | | '''L l''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*l%C5%8Dubh-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on lowba] |
| [l], [l̥] | | [l], [l̥] | ||
| *l, *l̥, *l̥̄ | | *l, *l̥, *l̥̄ | ||
| Строка 184: | Строка 183: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''M m''' | | '''M m''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*m%C4%81-t-er-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on mahter] |
| [m], [m̥] | | [m], [m̥] | ||
| *m, *m̥, *m̥̄ | | *m, *m̥, *m̥̄ | ||
| Строка 192: | Строка 191: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''N n''' | | '''N n''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/natrix#Latin netria] |
| [n], [n̥] | | [n], [n̥] | ||
| *n, *n̥, *n̥̄ | | *n, *n̥, *n̥̄ | ||
| Строка 200: | Строка 199: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''O o''' | | '''O o''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*%C5%8Duyo-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on owya] |
| [-o-], [ʕʷo-] | | [-o-], [ʕʷo-] | ||
| *o | | *o | ||
| Строка 216: | Строка 215: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''P p''' | | '''P p''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fie%2fpiet&text_number=+845&root=config pegga] |
| [p] | | [p] | ||
| *p | | *p | ||
| Строка 224: | Строка 223: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Q q''' | | '''Q q''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*yem-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on qema] |
| [q] | | [q] | ||
| | | | ||
| Строка 232: | Строка 231: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''R r''' | | '''R r''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*rot&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on rota] |
| [r], [r̥] | | [r], [r̥] | ||
| *r, *r̥, *r̥̄ | | *r, *r̥, *r̥̄ | ||
| Строка 240: | Строка 239: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''S s''' | | '''S s''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*strang-%2F-e-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on strenga] |
| [s] | | [s] | ||
| *s | | *s | ||
| Строка 256: | Строка 255: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''T t''' | | '''T t''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*teke-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on tekna] |
| [t] | | [t] | ||
| *t | | *t | ||
| Строка 264: | Строка 263: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''U u''' | | '''U u''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*wed-er-+%28Gr+hw-%3F%29&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on uddera] |
| [u] | | [u] | ||
| *u | | *u | ||
| Строка 280: | Строка 279: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''V v''' | | '''V v''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*g%CA%B7hen-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=to+hit&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on ven] |
| [ɡʷ] | | [ɡʷ] | ||
| *gʷʰ | | *gʷʰ | ||
| Строка 288: | Строка 287: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Vv vv''' | | '''Vv vv''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*g%CA%B7rw-%2C+*g%CA%B7r%C5%AB-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on vvrru] |
| [ɡ͡b] | | [ɡ͡b] | ||
| *gʷ | | *gʷ | ||
| Строка 296: | Строка 295: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''W w''' | | '''W w''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*wod-%28or%2Fen-%29&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on wodr] |
| [w] | | [w] | ||
| *w | | *w | ||
| Строка 304: | Строка 303: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''X x''' | | '''X x''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*sneig%CA%B7he-&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on xneyva] |
| [sʲ] | | [sʲ] | ||
| *(s), s mobile | | *(s), s mobile | ||
| Строка 312: | Строка 311: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Y y''' | | '''Y y''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=*yek%CA%B7-+%28Gr+h-%29&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=liver&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on yekur] |
| [ı] | | [ı] | ||
| *y | | *y | ||
| Строка 320: | Строка 319: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Z z''' | | '''Z z''' | ||
| − | | | + | | [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fie%2fpiet&text_number=2446&root=config zwen] |
| [z] | | [z] | ||
| *z | | *z | ||
Текущая версия на 23:35, 22 апреля 2015
| Буква алфавита | Название | Звук МФА | Традиционная
реконструкция |
Реконструкция
Гамкрелидзе- Иванова |
Буква алфавита
Dnghu |
Обозначение
в словаре E̯sumenes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A a | aner | [ə] | *ə | *H̥ | ə | a̯ |
| (ha) | [ă] | *a | *a | A a, Á á | a̯e | |
| (ah) | [aː] | *ā | *ā | Ā ā, Ā́ ā́ | ea̯ | |
| B b | bruwgga | [b] | *bʰ | *b[h] | Bh bh | bh |
| C c | cwon | [c] | *ḱ, *k̂ | *k̑[h] | - | c |
| D d | daju | [d] | *dʰ | *d[h] | Dh dh | dh |
| Dd dd | ddoru | [d͡z] | *d | *t’ | D d | d |
| E e | esar | [-ĕ-], [ʔʲe-] | *e | *e | E e, É é | e |
| (eh) | [eː] | *ē | *eH | Ē ē, Ḗ ḗ | ee̯ | |
| F f | feru | [kʷ] | *kʷ | *k[h]º | Q q | q̆ |
| G g | gebal | [ɡ] | *gʰ | *ɡ[h] | Gh gh | gh |
| Gg gg | ggega | [gɣ] | *g | *k’ | G g | g |
| (hy) | [ʔʲ] | *h1, ə1 | *Hˆ > *Hi̯ | - | e̯ | |
| H h | hddenta | [h] | *h2, ə2 | *H, *H̥ | - | a̯ |
| (hw) | [ʕʷ] | *h3, ə3 | *Hº> *Hu̯ | - | o̭ | |
| İ i | idda | [i] | *i | *i | I i, Í í | i |
| (iy) | [i:] | *ī | *ī | Ī ī, Ī́ ī́ | ia̯ | |
| J j | jamon | [ʝʱ] | *ģʰ, *ĝh | *g̑[h] | - | ĝh |
| Jj jj | jjno | [ɟ͡ʝ] | *ģ | *k̑’ | - | ĝ |
| K k | kayta | [k] | *k | *k[h] | K k | q |
| L l | lowba | [l], [l̥] | *l, *l̥, *l̥̄ | *l, l̥ | L l, L̥ l̥, L̥̄ l̥̄, Ĺ̥ ĺ̥, L̥̄́ l̥̄́ | l |
| M m | mahter | [m], [m̥] | *m, *m̥, *m̥̄ | *m, *m̥ | M m, M̥ m̥, Ḿ̥ ḿ̥, M̥̄ m̥̄, M̥̄́ m̥̄́ | m |
| N n | netria | [n], [n̥] | *n, *n̥, *n̥̄ | *n, *n̥ | N n, N̥ n̥, Ń̥ ń̥, N̥̄ n̥̄, N̥̄́ n̥̄́ | n |
| O o | owya | [-o-], [ʕʷo-] | *o | *o | O o, Ó ó | o |
| (oh) | [oː] | *o, *ō | *o, *ō | Ō ō, Ṓ ṓ | o | |
| P p | pegga | [p] | *p | *p[h] | P p | p |
| Q q | qema | [q] | *q | q | ||
| R r | rota | [r], [r̥] | *r, *r̥, *r̥̄ | *r, *r̥ | R r, R̥ r̥, Ŕ̥ ŕ̥, R̥̄ r̥̄, R̥̄́ r̥̄́ | r |
| S s | strenga | [s] | *s | *s | S s | s |
| (sw) | [su̯] | *sº | (sw) | (su̯) | ||
| T t | tekna | [t] | *t | *t[h] | T t | t |
| U u | uddera | [u] | *u | *ū | U u, Ú ú | u |
| (uw) | [u:] | *ū | *ū | Ū ū, Ū́ ū́ | ||
| V v | ven | [ɡʷ] | *gʷʰ | *ɡ[h]º | Ch ch | ğh |
| Vv vv | vvrru | [ɡ͡b] | *gʷ | *k’º | C c | ğ |
| W w | wodr | [w] | *w | *u̯ | W w | u̯ |
| X x | xneyva | [sʲ] | *(s), s mobile | *ś | S s | (s) |
| Y y | yekur | [ı] | *y | *i̯ | J j | i̯ |
| Z z | zwen | [z] | *z | *z | S s | s |
